Electro-motive machine using halbach array

ABSTRACT

A Halbach array is radially disposed in an environment optimized for efficiency and controlled for efficient generation and use of power in order to generate, establish, and maintain a desired level of rotational energy with enhanced efficiency.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to devices and methods for the generation ofrotational energy from a Halbach array for the production of electricityand other useful applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Halbach magnetic arrays have enabled electrical motors to achievesubstantial new efficiencies and powers than were previously possible.Various applications of these types of magnetic arrays have includedsuch things as the bullet train, rotational electric batteries, and avariety other mechanical and electrical devices.

Since the Halbach array was first developed it has been applied tovarious applications in order to exploit the relationship betweenkinetic and electrical energy which are uniquely related and can betransitioned by magnetic fields. For instance, in U.S. Pat. No.6,758,146 issued to Post on Jul. 6, 2004, a pair of Halbach arrays aremagnetically and structurally connected so as to provide energy forpropulsion of the arrays along a track. In this invention the Halbacharrays actually result in magnetic levitation which may be capable ofpropelling a vehicle or other conveyance along the track. Theinteraction of the Halbach arrays with each other combined with theinteraction of the Halbach arrays with electrically independent trackcircuit arrays is intended to result in propulsion of the Halbach arrays(together with any objects attached to them) with a high level of energyefficiency. While the invention taught by Post teaches an efficient useof energy directed towards a specific result it does not teach thegeneration of power.

In U.S. Pat. No. 6,768,407, issued to Kohda, et al, on Jul. 27, 2004, amagnetic field generator is taught. In this invention a Halbach array isused to supply a magnetic circuit for the purpose of providing a morepowerful permanent magnetic field for use in high energy applications,such as particle accelerators, magnetic resonance imaging machines, andso forth. This device shows the effectiveness of Halbach array is inconcentrating and efficiently transitioning between mechanical andelectrical energy.

In another invention by Post, U.S. Pat. No. 6,858,962, issued on Feb.22, 2005, a Halbach array is used to regulate voltage and power into aform and level which may be useful in reliably propelling a vehicle orsupplying energy to a source requiring a specific level of voltage andcurrent. It is a power regulation device rather than a power generator,per se.

What is not presently available is the application of such an array toapparatus which is actually used in generating electrical or rotationalenergy from the energy stored within a permanent magnet. In the past theutility of such devices has been limited to the storage of electricalenergy or to regulating the distribution or application of electricalenergy.

Integrated circuitry has permitted the luxury of increasingly precisecontrol over the flow of electrical circuits and has enabled automateddecision-making concerning the precise application of electrical energyat rapid speeds in order to achieve optimal results in a variety ofendeavors.

Along with the improvements in the control of the flow of electricalenergy and the enabling of precise delivery of electrical energy byautomated decision-making, either through fields or currents, has alsodeveloped improved understanding and the ability to exploit andmanipulate electromagnetic properties of various elements. This hasenabled the production of permanent magnets and cores for electromagnetswhich achieve previously unobtainable properties in the ability ofmaterials to retain magnetic flux as desired or to create electromagnetswhich may rapidly adapt to produce a high level of magnetic flux andthen have the flux either reduced or reversed as may be desired.

The combination of these abilities might be useful in developing adevice or apparatus for the generation of electrical energy atrelatively small levels of consumption which might more effectivelyharness the energy from the permanent magnets and achieve an effectivegeneration of rotational energy for a variety of applications frompropelling a vehicle or motor to pure power generation without burningfossil fuels or creating nuclear reactions and may be helpful foremergency conditions or to augment commercial power.

While each application must be specifically engineered, the researchperformed and published to date includes specific limitations of theexisting Halbach array. If these limitations could be overcome theHalbach magnetic array could be applied to a variety of functions.

Specifically, what is not provided in the prior art is a means andmethod which uses the ability to create precisely directed magneticfields and exploits materials with appropriate magnetic properties inorder to precisely control the delivery of rotational energy through themanipulation of magnetic fields as they interact with strong and stablepermanent magnetic fields and electric currents, and through theselection of optimal materials and engineering for generating a usefulrotational energy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The inventors have solved many of the problems inherent in the prior artand have achieved a new family of power generation equipment whichachieves a much higher efficiency than was previously possible. Theyhave done this by applying the principles of the Halbach magnetic arrayand, by carefully programming the electricity delivered to a series ofelectromagnets, have managed to efficiently drive a rotor using arelatively small amount of electromotive force through theelectromagnets in combination with an array of permanent magnets.

This is done by applying carefully programmed controlling logiccircuitry to a series of radially disposed electromagnets so as toestablish and maintain a desired rate of rotation of a rotor which isadapted with high magnetic density permanent magnets and means tocontrol the rate of rotation of the rotor. In this manner one or more ofa series of electromagnets disposed in a radial path need be energizedin order to efficiently drive one or more rotors which are adapted withone or more stable permanent magnets mounted upon a radial shaftextending perpendicularly from the rotor.

The electromagnets are, as desired, energized by a current flow whichcreates a magnetic field which interacts with the permanent magneticfield traveling with the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet willthen will receive alternate propelling and attracting forces at theappropriate times to drive the rotor through the next segment ofrotation to be received by the next electromagnet. The process may berepeated throughout the entire radial turn of the rotor. When theapparatus is used to generate electricity, for example, the amount ofelectromagnetic energy required by each electromagnet need only besufficient enough to produce a magnetic field which will, when reactingwith the magnetic field from the permanent magnet, produce a forcesufficient to drive the rotor through the magnetic field of thegenerator and produce an appropriate burst of electricity of the rightvoltage and current. When used for other purposes the force must besufficient to overcome whatever load resistance demanded by theparticular use.

Essentially, the device is capable of storing in its servicing powersupply apparatus increments of direct current bled from the apparatusand, by the appropriate computer programming, use such stored energy ina very efficient manner to produce or maintain rotational energy bysupplying an efficient force upon a rotor upon or within which permanentmagnets are mounted or stored.

The device may be generally described as a new closed-loop energygeneration machine based partially on the Halbach array of permanentmagnets and partially on the Halbach array DC motor generator. This newconfiguration of the electric machine adds closed-loop characteristicsto the energy generation cycle as well as throttle and input/outputcontrols. Basically, in addition to the Halbach demonstratedconfiguration, this new machine replaces permanent magnets in selectedportions of the machine with electromagnets controlled and charged withby-product energy of the moving components. Switching of the energydistribution is controlled by computer code using constants and dynamicvariables.

Invention of this new application of the Halbach array was not possibleuntil the advent of fast, programmable computer chips, high-speed memorychips, and central-processing-units with integrated circuit boardtechnology. This new configuration is constructed using a circularstationary component (called a stator rail) which containselectromagnets located embedded around the rail that producecontrollable electromagnetic fields sequenced by computer code relevantto rotation speed, rotation direction, current rotor position, lastrotor position, strength of previous field, and rotor predicted nextposition. The electromagnets are switched on and off with appropriatepolarity and flux strength relevant to proximity of the permanentmagnetic arrays located on the moving component (the rotor which mountsthe permanent magnets). By electronically reversing the polarity of theselected electromagnet on the stator rail at exactly the correct timeduring rotation of the rotor, the computer code calculateselectromagnetic polarity reversal slightly in advance or behind theequalized attraction/repulsion position and applies appropriate voltageto desired rotational speed, thus producing an additional push/pullrotational force.

This additional force is partially drained from the electric generationcomponents of the machine as electricity using common electricgeneration commutating technology. This electricity is then routedthrough transformers and relays that charge sequential capacitors andother power supplies which may be necessary to maintain the operation ofthe apparatus. When the capacitors are fully charged, the storedelectricity is released and modulated to activate the next computerselected electromagnet.

In addition to the closed-loop properties of this new machine, theelectro-motive force along with stored kinetic energy of the rotationalcomponent is harnessed with geared shaft arrays to produce other workenergy. The invention comprises four necessary components. Generally,the four components are a stator to house the electromagnets, a powersupply (normally a capacitor or battery or some combination of these)for the electromagnets, a rotor, which mounts or houses permanentmagnets, and controlling logic circuitry. The invention results from theselection of specific magnetic materials coupled with the control ofmagnetic fields by logically controlled circuitry.

When used for electric power generation an iteration of the apparatusmay provide electromagnetic coils within the generator which are turnedthrough the power generation magnetic field by one or more rotors whichextend radially from the generator shaft and upon which are mountedpermanent magnets which rotate along a circumferential rail. Permanentlymounted about the circumferential rail are a series of electromagnets.These electromagnets are made of a material which permits rapidmagnetization and polarity reversal without significant residualmagnetization or degradation of its magnetic properties.

The power supply will normally result from a capacitor or battery andwill supply precise bursts of current to be rail mounted electromagnetsin order to create the appropriate magnetic conditions for the operationof the device. The power supply may actually received a portion of itsstored electricity from the generator itself. The power supply must becapable of precise control with respect to the quality and quantity ofstored electrical energy as well as its delivery to be rail mountedelectromagnets.

The controller will be adapted with control circuitry which is capableof keeping track of the position of the rail mounted electromagnets withrespect to the permanent magnets mounted on the end of the one or moreradial rotors extending perpendicularly from the shaft of the generator.The purpose of the controller is to precisely direct electrical currentfrom the appropriate element of the power supply to the designated railmounted electromagnets at the precise time required to drive the rotorradially about the generator shaft and to turn the generator shaft. Thiscan be done either by magnetically attracting the rotor mountedpermanent magnet to the next rail mounted electromagnets or bymagnetically driving the rotor mounted permanent magnets from the lastrail mounted electromagnets or by doing both at the same time.

Essentially, the invention takes advantage of a disparity in themagnetic properties between the permanent and electromagnets used in thedriving magnetic paths and the magnetic properties in the permanent andelectromagnets in the power generator and, in a large measure, resultsin a transfer of stored electricity from the permanent magnets in therail mounted driving magnetic circuit into electricity.

It is anticipated that the present invention may be used to to provideelectric generators, motors and electromotive devices of all sizes,demands, and purposes including, but not limited to:

Primary and or emergency power generation for single and multifamilyhomes, commercial, industrial and all buildings and devices currentlyconnected to a power grid. Due to the scalability of this device, theelectromotive machine can be designed for any application. In theseapplications, the very small amount of energy required to replace energylost by the electromotive machine due to natural forces such as gravityor friction can be obtained from the grid;

Primary and or emergency power generation for any application notconnected to a power grid regardless of size, energy demand and orpurpose. Such uses may include, but are not limited to remoteconstruction sites, powering structures and devices such as well pumps,water treatment and sewage facilities, and military and spaceapplications. In these applications the very small amount of energyrequired to replace energy lost by the electromotive machine due tonatural forces such as gravity or friction can be periodically obtainedfrom supplemental sources including, but not limited to, handgenerators, batteries or generators powered by fossil fuels or naturalenergy sources;

Providing electrical power to devices not connected to the power gridand currently powered by battery, fossil fuels or natural energy sourcesof all sizes and power requirements;

Powering, small, miniature and subminiature devices including but notlimited to cell phones, pacemakers and other medical devices,flashlights, computers toys, games, switches and cameras;

Uses and devices requiring movement of any type including but notlimited to vehicles, conveyor systems, pumps, and industrial, aerospace,military and space applications.

It is then an object of the present invention to provide a moreefficient and effective means of converting magnetic energy intorotational energy by the skillful manipulation of electrical currentsand electromotive forces.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a means ofgenerating and maintaining consumable electricity from sources otherthan fossil fuels.

It is another object of the present invention to take advantage of thedisparity which can be created in the magnetic properties of variousmaterials to convert and generate consumable energy.

It is another object of the present invention to provide apparatus andmethod for producing and maintaining an alternative source of energywhich is independent of fossil fuels and may, for some realistic periodof time, be self-sustaining.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparentfrom the following description in which the preferred embodiments havebeen set forth in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In describing the preferred embodiments of the invention reference willbe made to the series of figures and drawings briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram which is useful in describing the phasedoperation of a power generator built according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts the positioning of the various components of a generatorunit built according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts the cross-section of the upper portion of the shaft (111)from the side further depicting a stator and the arrangement ofelectromagnets with cut out section revealing rotor housed within andpermanent magnets on disk rotor.

FIG. 4 depicts, in isolation, a disk rotor which is integral with ashaft.

FIG. 5 depicts an oblique view of the stator and disk rotor in isolationwith cut out portions of the stator and the disk rotor showingelectromagnets and permanent magnets arranged with regular spacing.

FIG. 6 depicts a reversing electromagnet with coils as described in thepreferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 depicts the magnetic field pattern desired for a permanent magnetapproaching the influence of an electromagnet as the disk rotor rotates.

FIG. 8 depicts the magnetic field pattern desired for a permanent magnetdeparting the influence of an electromagnet as the disk rotor rotates.

FIG. 9 depicts the side view of an alternative rotor in which thepermanent magnets are mounted near the ends of rotor arms rather than adisk rotor.

FIG. 10 depicts the top view of an alternative rotor in which thepermanent magnets are mounted near the ends of rotor arms rather than adisk rotor.

FIG. 11 depicts an alternative rotor which comprises several diskrotors.

Table 1 depicts the logic sequence which may be used in the process ofenergizing and de-energizing an electromagnetic coil and in determiningwhich polarity is desired for energization.

Table 2 depicts the parameters burned into the device unique chip of thepreferred embodiment of the present invention.

Table 3 depicts the parameters monitored by sensing and controllingsoftware in signal communication with the device-unique chip of thepreferred embodiment of the present invention.

Table 4 depicts a predicted efficiency model for a given configurationof apparatus built according to the preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

While certain drawings and tables have been provided in order to teachthe principles and operation of the present invention, it should beunderstood that, in the detailed description which follows, referencemay be made to components or apparatus which are not included in thedrawings. Such components and apparatus should be considered as part ofthe description, even if not included in such a drawing. Likewise, thedrawings may include an element, structure, or mechanism which is notdescribed in the textual description of the invention which follows. Theinvention and description should also be understood to include such amechanism, component, or element which is depicted in the drawing butnot specifically described.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodimentof the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings and which is further described and explained by reference tothe accompanying tables. While the invention will be described inconnection with a preferred embodiment, it will be understood that it isnot intended to limit the invention to that embodiment. On the contrary,it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalentsas may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention definedin the appended claims.

While the following description will seek to improve understanding ofthe invention by describing the various components and elements, itshould be considered that certain apparatus may be sufficiently andadequately explained by the accompanying drawings, which are fullyincorporated herein, and not require further description. All suchapparatus should be considered as part of the specification of theinvention for all purposes.

Making reference first to FIG. 1, a power generator constructedaccording to the preferred embodiment of the present invention isdepicted in block diagram format. It can be seen that the stator, rotor,a power supply, sensors, and a circuit controller are all connected in aclosed loop cycle. In addition, referring to the block describing thecontroller, it can be seen that the controller is adapted with inputsrelating to the rotation of the rotor, the timing and polarity of theelectromagnets, and the overall speed of the device. It can also be seenthat the data is processed through the logic circuitry of the controllerto make decisions regarding the activation of various electromagnets.Through a switch or relay the electricity from the appropriate powersupply, which may have been processed by the controller, is eventuallypassed to the various electromagnetic rotational components of thestator.

The power generator reflects that the generated power is passed throughtwo transformers. One of these transformers may pass the electricityback to the power supply through a load switch. If the device isproperly managed the electricity passed through the load switch and backinto the power supply will be sufficient to charge the electromagnetsthrough another cycle of power generation. The excess power may bepassed through another transformer to be placed in an appropriate formfor power consumption.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention as depicted in FIG.2 it can be seen that a generator (100) is powered by an electromotivemachine (110) is housed within an enclosure (101). While the preferredembodiment is described as powering a generator, it is again pointed outthat the machine may be used to supply power to any device requiring orconsuming rotational energy. A shaft (111) is in rotationalcommunication with a power generator unit (100) by means of atransmission (102). Upon the shaft (111) is further mounted a disk rotor(121) and a housing (131) for a bearing joint (132) to be received by astator (141). The stator (141) is secured by some reliable means (notdepicted) to either the housing (101) or the support base (103). Alsomounted upon the shaft (111) in close proximity to the disk rotor (121)is an inductive cooling fan (112).

As depicted in the preferred embodiment of the present invention on FIG.2 one or more smaller and independent DC generators (114) could bemounted upon the shaft in order to provide the current necessary tooperate any portion of the controlling circuitry or to charge anyavailable power supply needed to operate the apparatus or to directlysupply the electromagnetic energy used by the apparatus as will bedescribed in greater detail. It should also be noted that the inductivecooling fan (112) and the independent DC generator (114) arealternatives to a variety of means of cooling and supplying the energyfor the operation of the device. Additionally, these components may beunnecessary for some applications. For instance, the internal operatingpower for the device, when used as a power generator as it is in thepreferred embodiment, could alternatively be supplied by means of takinga portion of the output energy and transforming it into the proper formand amount. All of these alternatives should be seen as keeping withinthe spirit and scope of the present invention.

Still making reference to FIG. 2 it can further be seen that a CPU (150)is in electrical signal communication with the stator (141), a powersupply (142), and a distribution box (143). These comprise the principalelectrical and signal components of the apparatus that may be used togenerate electricity. It should be noted that while the power supply(142) has been depicted as a capacitor, any number or combination ofelectrical power providing components, including but not limited to suchas batteries, capacitors, inverters, or mechanical power generation andstorage devices, may be used as long as they are capable of storingelectricity and releasing it in precise bursts. For instance, eachelectromagnet could, but need not, be powered by an individual dedicatedcapacitor which is adapted to store and release the energy needed toensure the necessary supply is made available when needed.

Having described the general construction and the schematic operation ofthe apparatus it is now useful to briefly describe, in general terms,how the apparatus may be operated to generate electricity. Magneticfields (not depicted in FIG. 2) created by electromagnets housed withinthe stator (141) interact with the magnetic fields from permanentmagnets (not depicted in FIG. 2) mounted upon or housed within the diskrotor (121) to establish and maintain a desire rate of rotation of theshaft (111). This rotation may be transmitted through a transmission(102) to a generator (100) in order to power a desire consumer ofelectrical energy. The logic circuitry within the CPU (I 50) keeps trackof a variety of variables and, based upon the unique engineering of eachdevice, determines the optimal time and electrical current forenergizing the electromagnets within the stator (141) and also maycontrol the flow of electricity to and from the power supply (142) anddistribution box (143).

Making reference now in FIG. 3 it is helpful to examine thecross-section of the upper portion of the shaft (111) from the side andthe relationship between the stator (141) and the disk rotor (121). Itcan be seen that electromagnets (151) are housed both above and belowthe outer edge (122) of the disk rotor (121). Mounted at this point nearthe outer edge (122) of the disk rotor (121) may be one or morepermanent magnets (123). Electromagnets (151) are, by conductors (152)in electrical communication with a power supply (not depicted in FIG.3). FIG. 3 also depicts to independent DC generators (114) and theinductive cooling fan (112). It further depicts the transmission member(102) and the bearing joint (132).

FIG. 4 depicts, in isolation, a disk rotor (121) which is integral witha shaft (111). This also shows that the permanent magnets (123) areregularly positioned along or near the outer edge (122) of the diskrotor (121). As will be described in greater detail later, the angularorientation of the permanent magnets (123) may be adjusted to optimizethe operation of the apparatus.

Making reference now to FIG. 5, an oblique view with cut out portions ofthe stator (141) and the disk rotor (121) shows that the electromagnets(151) and permanent magnets (153) may both be arranged with regularspacing on the stator (141) and disk rotor (121) respectively. As withthe permanent magnets (123) and as will be described in greater detaillater, the angular orientation of the electromagnets (151) may also beadjusted to optimize the operation of the apparatus.

Also along the stator may be a sensor (171) which is used to measure andsignal to the CPU (150) information regarding the positioning of therotor (121) and the rate of rotation of the rotor (121). Such sensor(171) may, but need not, comprise a laser (172) which “looks for” aparticular point or feature (126) of the rotor (121) in order toestablish the relative relationship between each o0f the electromagnets(151) and each of the permanent magnets (123). This is possible because,as will be pointed out in more detail below, the CPU (150) will have aROM within which is etched a precise description of the rotor (121) usedfor any application of the apparatus. In practice, the positioningsensor (171) may use any method to define the positioning and any othernumber or variety of sensors may be used to measure and signal anyvariety of parameters of operation of the device or useful informationconcerning the ecosystem or environment of the apparatus.

Making reference now to FIG. 6, it can further be seen that they may,but need not, be double-wound with electromagnetic coils (161, 162)adapted to be alternatively energized by a modulated power supply(represented by 163) to produce opposite magnetic field orientations.While the modulated power supply (163) is depicted in FIG. 5 for thepurpose of demonstrating the nature of the double-wound electromagneticcoils (161, 162), in practice the power supply for the electromagneticcoils (161, 162) would be supplied by the power supply depicted as (142)in FIG. 2 and would be modulated by the CPU (150). Table 1 depicts anexample of how such reversing electromagnets may be easily controlled bya logic circuit. As an alternative to double-wound coils, for instance,separate electromagnetic coils could be adapted for opposite magneticpolarity.

It is useful here to point out that, while the preferred embodiment hasbeen described with respect to a stator which houses electromagnets(151) both above and below the permanent magnets (123), the only matterof real importance to the operation of the apparatus is that theelectromagnets and permanent magnets be sufficiently proximate to eachother and that the CPU ROM is aware of the proximity so that this factorwill be properly considered in the logic circuitr4y which will regulatethe apparatus. This will be described in more detail later in thisdescription.

As briefly described above, the disk rotor (121) will be propelled bythe interaction between the magnetic fields of the electromagnets (151)and the permanent magnets (123). It is helpful to examine theinteraction of the magnetic fields of an electromagnet (151) and apermanent magnet (123) as a permanent magnet (123) mounted upon a diskrotor (121) approaches an electromagnet (151), as depicted in FIG. 7,and then passes and leaves the electromagnet (151), as depicted in FIG.8. FIGS. 7 and 8 depict the lines and intensity of magnetic flux as thepermanent magnet (123) is first attracted, FIG. 7, and then repelled,FIG. 8, from the influencing electromagnet (151). This same pattern maybe reproduced all around the circular stator (141) and disk rotor (121)array as may be determined by the CPU (150).

The efficiency and advantage of the apparatus stem from a combination ofthree factors. One is the selection of the engineering pattern for agiven apparatus.

This includes the factors such as the size of the rotor and stator, thespacing between the permanent magnets and electromagnets, and thematerials used. Another factor is the selection of materials for thecore of the electromagnet and for the permanent magnet. This will bedescribed in more detail later. Finally, the programming of the CPU,which will be shown to include both a ROM and a RAM which may be adaptedto achieve the optimal efficiency of the apparatus for a givenapplication.

It is helpful to make an observation about the physical engineering ofthe apparatus. The preferred embodiment has been described as a diskrotor housed generally within a stator so that electromagnets are bothabove and below the permanent magnets on the disk rotor. It should benoted that, as depicted from the side in FIG. 9 and from the top in FIG.10, the rotor (210) need not be a disk but could also be one or morearms (211) extending radially out from the shaft (111) with the desiredpattern of permanent magnets (213). Such a configuration may bedesirable when there are limitations upon the selection of materials orwhen the mass of the rotor is a factor.

The number of rotors used will depend upon a variety of factors. Suchfactors would include the spacing of the permanent magnets and theability of the electromagnets to be manipulated so as to produce arapidly variant magnetic field, to include even the possibility of areversing magnetic field. This is because the more rotors which are tobe used and, as well, the greater the rate of rotation of the rotors itbecomes more necessary to select electromagnetic core material whichwill permit the more rapid variance of the in this electromagneticfield. FIG. 11 depicts how a series of rotors (214) may be combinedalong a single shaft (215) and housed within a series of stators (216).

Similarly, it can be envisioned (although not depicted here) that theelectromagnets could be fastened by some means other than a singlestator as long as they are properly positioned and secured in suchpositions. Moreover, even if the present embodiment is used it can beseen that electromagnets need not be positioned both above and below therotor or may be positioned more towards the end of the rotor.

A concrete slab is depicted as the foundation or platform for theapparatus. While it may be possible to provide an adequate platform witha material other than concrete, it should also be mentioned that astable environment is another important factor for the operation of thisapparatus. Any leaning or vibration in the rotating shaft would detractfrom the efficient and relatively frictionless rotation of the generatorshaft. One of the objects of the apparatus as designed is to avoid asmuch heat loss and Faraday loss as possible in order to improveefficiency. Also, as efficiency considerations become more and moresensitive, such things as temperature, the magnetic properties anddimensions of enclosure materials, ambient electromagnetic radiation,and so forth may be taken into account. This could be done by additionalCPU processing or be specifically engineering an apparatus for a givenenvironment, such as (but not at all limited to) the weightlessness ofspace, the heat and aridity of the desert, or the cold humidity of anarctic environment.

All of these potential alternatives should be seen as keeping within thespirit and scope of the present invention.

The materials which have been selected for this use are critical becauseof the need for the permanent magnet to sustain its flux density as itis repeatedly influenced by varying induced electromagnetic fields andthe need for the electromagnets to be rapidly both reversed and switchedon and off. Accordingly, a material which is highly resistant to anymagnetic field creation at all would not be acceptable for use in theelectromagnetic core according to the present invention. Similarly, amaterial which may create a powerful magnetic field but one which wouldalso maintain a substantial residual magnetization from theelectromagnetic current would present problems in that such would createan obstacle to the continued rotation of the rotor rather than providingit with the necessary boost to continue through the function of powergeneration.

For these reasons the selection of materials for both the electromagnetsand the permanent magnets are a crucial feature of the presentinvention. Regarding the permanent magnets (151) ceramic or ferritemagnets are flexible with the magnetic powders fixed in molds for eachposition in the mechanism and are preferred materials for the presentelectromotive machine device; although other permanent magnets are notexcluded. They can be made into round bars, rectangular bars,horseshoes, rings or donuts, disks, rectangles, multi-fingered rings,and other custom shapes as appropriate for the present electromotivemachine requirements. Some may be cast into a mold and require grindingto achieve final dimensions. Others start as a powder which is pressedinto a mold or pressure bonded or sintered.

Of course, there may be a variety of materials either presently known orlater to be developed which can satisfy this requirement. The propertiesrequired by the electromagnetic core for the rail mounted electromagnetsin the present invention are such that the material must rapidly andefficiently magnetize and be capable of equally rapid return to anequilibrium state or even a reverse magnetic polarity state when theappropriate driving current is provided.

The electromagnets for the present electromotive machine may beconstructed of alternating materials to effect different propertiesswitched on/off by the controller computer code at exactly the righttime in proximity to the rotor permanent magnets. The core of theelectromagnets will be non-ferromagnetic to compensate for and eliminateresidual magnetism when rapidly switched on/off. The strength andpolarity of the magnetic field created by the electromagnet will beadjusted by changing the magnitude of the current flowing through thewire and by changing the direction of the current flow.

For example, a ring magnet can be magnetized where N is on the insideand S on the outside, or N is on one edge and S on the opposite edge, orN is on the top side and S on the bottom side, or multiple N and S polesall around the outside edge, etc.

The Bx component of the field is uniform to ±1% in a planar, thin volumeof 2×10×0.2 mm (x, y, z) which is particularly appropriate for in-planeeffects in planar samples oriented parallel to the Electromagnetsurface. Bx can be computer or manually controlled over the range of≅0.4 T (4000 G) at z=2 mm from the Electromagnet surface, decreasing toa range of ±0.1 T(1000 G) at z=12 mm. This formula will be used to alterthe strength of the electromagnet arrays by varying “z” by computer codeusing last stored proximity position relative to moving permanent magnetcomponents. The alternate wiring of the electromagnet will reversepolarity on demand as commanded by the computer code.

The magnetic flux density is proportional to the magnitude of thecurrent flowing in the wire of the electromagnet. The polarity of theelectromagnet is determined by the direction the current. The keyimportance of the electromagnet array characteristic is the ability tocontrol the strength of the magnetic flux density, the polarity of thefield, and the shape of the field. The strength of the magnetic fluxdensity is controlled by the magnitude of the current flowing in thecoil, the polarity of the field is determined by the direction of thecurrent flow, and the shape of the field is determined by the shape ofthe iron core around which the coil is wound.

It should be noted that, as previously mentioned, it may also bepossible to equip a rail with permanent magnets and to drive the rotorby providing an alternating magnetic field to electromagnets mountedupon or near the end of the rotor which travels along the rail from onepermanent magnets to another. If this embodiment of the presentinvention were to be adopted, the ability of the electromagnetic corematerial would be even more subject to rigorous requirements of magneticflux variance than in the original embodiment. Accordingly, while it isnot anticipated that this would be a common embodiment of the presentinvention, it is here noted that the principles of the present inventioncould be practiced with such an embodiment and, accordingly, such anembodiment should be seen as keeping within the spirit and scope of thepresent invention.

As will be demonstrated later in this description, the key to thesuccess of the invention is the timing and sequencing of the railmounted electromagnets and the ability to control and adjust themagnetic fields. While more will be provided about this process later inthe course of describing this invention, it should be seen immediatelythat the efficient control and application of electromagnetic energy tothe rotor is a critical function and that the ability to absolutelycontrol the magnetic state of each of the electromagnets is a goal to beachieved.

For instance, the easier and more efficient it may be to magneticallyenergize and then magnetically de-energize and perhaps even magneticallyreverse the polarity of an electromagnetic core, the more the efficientthe device will operate. In a similar manner, the more efficiently theelectricity can be delivered to desire to electromagnets and switchedaway from the cyclically idle electromagnets, the more efficient will bethe use of the energy necessary to sustain the motion of the rotor.

FIG. 12 schematically depicts the interconnection of the variouselectrical connections and controls. It depicts reversingelectromagnetic arrays along the rail of the device with producer arrayswithin the power production portion of the generating unit. It furtherdepicts the sensors along the rail and the shaft which record last andcurrent positions of the rotor with time stamps. It can now beunderstood how the information is fed into the logic circuitry which,depending upon the rate of rotation, the position of the rotatingpermanent magnets and rotors, and the desire power output may adjust therate and level of the electrical current to the electromagnets in orderto produce the desired level of electricity.

Additionally FIG. 12 depicts the signal communications and powerconnections which regulate and carry the electromagnetic current fromthe capacitor, through the distribution box, and to the electromagnetswhich are presently required for engagement in schematic form.

FIG. 13 depicts one potential configuration of a circuit board whichwould be adequate to operate the apparatus. It includes inputreceptacles for receiving the required data with respect to the rotationof the generator shaft. It also includes outputs for switching thecurrent from the capacitor to the desired electromagnets at any givenpoint in time. The sequential timing of the electromagnet firing willlikely require fine tuning and optimization for each combination ofelectromagnetic cores, operating speeds, and power outputs desire. Thisis because optimal timing will be based upon the magnetic properties ofeach electromagnet configuration and the configuration of the electricfield in each rail mounted track.

For instance, depending upon the surroundings of each rail, a differentshape of magnetic field may exist. Some of these electric fields may notwarrant supplying an electromagnetic force until a rotor mountedpermanent magnets is very near the target electromagnet whereas otherelectric field whereas other electromagnetic configurations may resultin measurable field strength in more distant locations from the targetelectromagnet thereby justifying the application of a longerelectromagnetic pulse.

The theme of the invention is in creating an enhanced efficiency of theuse of a Halbach magnetic array to drive the rotation of the generatorof a rotor and to permit its rotation to be sustained by bleeding offonly a small portion of the rotational energy generated by theelectromotive machine. This is accomplished by making more effective useof the residual magnetism of permanent magnets and by engineering aframework for rotation which is highly efficient and stable. Mostsignificantly, however, this is achieved by the carefully calculatedapplication of current to electromagnets at the precise time and throughthe precise range of rotation to produce a steady rotation while usingonly a small amount of electrical energy.

It is, then, important to understand the function and operation of thecontrolling logic circuitry. This new electric-motive machine usescomputer code etched in proprietary computer chips (ROM) that provideswitching instructions to activate/deactivate the reversingelectromagnets (151) as the disk rotor (121) and permanent magnets (123)rotate within the stator (141). Each configuration of the apparatus willneed to be programmed and tuned to achieve maximum efficiency.

In order to optimize the operation of the apparatus, the CPU (150)includes a ROM, which comprises a chip into which the generallynon-variable parameters of the device are etched. These might includethe size of the rotor and stator, the spacing patterns of the permanentand electromagnets, and other such information. Table 2 depicts what maybe on the ROM. Table 3 depicts the measurements taken by the sensors ofthe apparatus which are available in the CPU RAM. Table 4 depicts aseries of programming commands which may be useful in controlling theoperation of an electro-motive machine utilized as a power generator asdescribed in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

This algorithm (Table 4) governs the flow, strength, selection, andpolarity of the electromagnets located in the outer rail (stator ring)in which the rotor permanent magnets interact. As each rotation iscompleted, the computer code will check environmental variables to gainpermission for another cycle. Depending on output and/or throttlecontrols/limitations, the cycle can be accelerated or slowed by changingthe speed, electromagnet strength, and duration variables with aninterface that overwrites selected RAM values.

Other computer logic devices may be incorporated to perform ecosystemcontrols such as environment temperature limits, input/outputconditioning, device controls such as throttle, use specificcharacterization, etc. These could include, but are not limited to, thefollowing additional controls: vary electromagnetic strength usingenvironmental limits; distribute current to electromagnet switchingdevice; provide monitors and alarms; control capacitor load/unloadsequence; control battery charging sequence, strength, duration;maintain device state, device maps, and component status; performlogical expressions influenced by external input;and other functions asnecessary.

It can be seen that each such additional ecosystem adjustment capabilityoffers an opportunity to further enhance the efficiency of the deviceand it should also be seen that the device would not even need suchcontrols or measurements if operated under conditions where they werenot necessary, such as when the device has been engineered to aparticular and stable ecosystem. These and others may be added ordeleted to suit the needs of any given configuration of the apparatusand each combination, from no ecosystem measurements or controls to acombination of as many as can be imagined should be seen as in keepingwithin the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Based on empirical data from prior research such as that performed forthe Halbach Electric Machine; the present invention may improveefficiency and energy conversions in any one or combination of thefollowing areas:

Hermetically sealed electromotive machine housing eliminates dust,particles, and other external conditions (humidity, etc.) fromincreasing moving part friction. The electromotive machine housing maybe evacuated and filled with insert gas such as Nitrogen to furtherreduce friction;

Use of sealed bearings with synthetic lubrication oils supporting a widetemperature range allows less susceptibility to metal fatigue therebyincrease operating life and reduce friction;

Certain load-carrying bearings may be suspended magnetically to furtherreduce friction;

Use of ceramic materials for electromagnetic components and statorhousing components eliminates residual magnetic flux interference aswell as assist device cooling;

Ceramic material or cast aluminum construction for primary housingsallow shaped magnetic flux patterns to be created and then stabilizedfor maximum efficiencies without casing and structure interference.Shaped fields and flux patterns for both stator and rotor components arethen optimized for maximum pull, push, and free rotation;

Stabilized shaped field intensity and duration are adjusted by computerto further increase efficiencies based on stator/rotor positionmeasurements and throttle control commands;

Use of aluminum and titanium composites for rotor, permanent magnetmounts, and other non-ferrous materials for rotor shaft increase fieldefficiencies and reduce rotational flux interference;

Incorporation of molded fan blades as a part of the rotor operatingwithin a hermetically sealed environment reduces need for externalcooling mechanisms.

Energy conversion efficiencies are improved by filling the hermeticallysealed electromotive machine housing with an inert gas less able tobreak down by temperature rise;

Use of capacitors to store electricity produced by the electromotivemachine generating components to re-supply electromagnets activationincreases battery life thereby increasing time before batteryreplacement;

Use of a dry/wet charged cell battery to provide starting energy andcomputer controlled electromagnet sequential activation lessensdependence on electrical charging components;

Battery replenishment circuits connected to transformers connected tostandard shaft or gear driven generators improve battery life andmachine operating cycle life;

Use of gold plated or gold composite contacts for electrical pathsreduces latency, electric path resistance, and improves current flowefficiency;

Using solid-state switching computer code reduces latency of currentswitching to electromagnets and improves ability to meter electromagnetstrength, flux density, and permeability thereby increasing efficiencyand longevity of electro-magnetic materials while providing instanton/off and throttle capability;

Use of geared shaft output for external generating components and motivepower provides dual purpose and taps stored kinetic energy from rotatingparts to assist efficiency under load;

Use of narrow commutating rings and high-density (gold or other highlyconductive material) brushes with separate permanent magnets forinternal electricity generation routed to capacitor and transformersbattery charging circuits improves closed-loop characteristics;

Use of capacitors, transformers, solid-state switching controlled bycomputer-code to route pre-determined current voltage, amperage, andwattage to appropriate devices using calculated timing based onrotor/stator relationships improves efficiency beyond any knownconfiguration of Halbach or other magnetic electric machines;

Measured location installation and sizing of each stator electromagnetprovides static positioning information that is used to calculatepolarity, on/off, and power to the electromagnets thereby insuring thatonly the most forceful and directional part of the repel/attractmagnetic flux interaction with permanent magnets is used to move therotor. Generally, this is determined to be from 38 to 47 degrees offNorth/South axis but this may vary from this range depending upon theparticular apparatus and materials used.

An example of the operational efficiency of the device is providedherewith in Table 5. It should be noted that this is the resultpredicted for just one of many potential embodiments of the apparatusall of which should be seen as keeping within the spirit and scope ofthe present invention.

A basic electromotive machine could be constructed using the followingcomponents:

-   -   1. alternating current generator    -   2. rotor shaft with disc at one end    -   3. bearings to hold rotor in a position perpendicular to the        circular rail    -   4. relays to switch current into and out of the capacitors    -   5. multi-position switch with single current input and        multi-port outputs    -   6. Capacitors to store/discharge generated electricity    -   7. wet or dry cell battery    -   8. ceramic core electromagnets with dual windings that reverse        polarity    -   9. Permanent alnico magnets embedded on the rotor disc        perimeter.    -   10. A housing that contains a circular rail with embedded        electromagnets paced equal distance around the perimeter with        two perpendicular holes containing the rotor shaft bearings.    -   11. A measurement table of distance between each electromagnet.    -   12. A measurement table of distance between each permanent        magnet on rotor.    -   13. Photo-cell or laser sensor to determine rotor/stator        position relationship.    -   14. Wiring to enable redirecting current to each electromagnet        from the multi-output switch.    -   15. Wiring that activates electromagnets with polarity in one        direction and duplicate wiring that activates the same        electromagnets with polarity in the opposite direction.    -   16. Commutating ring with brushes to receive generated current        from the conventional generator.    -   17. Transformers to alter voltage and alternating current into        direct current.    -   18. Wiring from the generator brushes to transformers.    -   19. Wiring from the transformers to a regulator to charge the        battery.    -   20. A gear on the output shaft of the rotor to obtain motive        force.    -   21. A calculator to compute interval, polarity, and voltage        required by each electromagnet approaching the rotor based on        current rotor position, rotor permanent magnet location, rotor        rotation speed, rotor rotation direction, and last known rotor        position, last known rotor rotation speed, last known rotor        rotation direction, last known electromagnet position proximity,        last known electromagnet position proximity identification, last        known electromagnet position proximity identification polarity,        last know electromagnet position proximity identification        strength.    -   22. A mechanical means to start rotor rotation, either hand        crank or externally power starter motor geared to rotate rotor        one complete 360 degree rotation.    -   23. Non-ferrous materials to construct casing, rotor shaft        mounts, frame and housings.

It is worth mentioning that even such matters as the reversal ofmagnetic arrays (placing permanent magnets on the stator andelectromagnets on the rotor) could be accomplished without departingfrom the spirit ans scope of the present invention, although thisparticular alternative might complicate the task of supplying energy tothe electromagnets.

It should also be readily seen that a variety of substitutions areavailable for these components and that these components may also besatisfied by a variety of available devices. All of these alternativecomponent selections should be seen as keeping within the spirit andscope of the present invention. Such alternatives extend to not only thevarious material and engineering alternatives that have been mentioned,but also the variations in such things as the operational parameterswhich are measured and factored into the operation of the apparatus bymeans of the logic circuitry. Moreover, all of the various applicationsfor the apparatus should be seen as included by this disclosure, boththose which have been specifically mentioned as well as those which maybe obvious from this description.

Any device in which the described or similar radial magnetic arrays areused and exploited by carefully selecting materials and operatingsequences to achieve maximum efficiency in developing radial energyshould be seen as so included as well.

The apparatus further describes the use of electrical circuitry which iswell known and need not be further described or depicted herein. Suchincludes the use of relays, switched, brushes, coils, and so on toaccomplish well-known electrical tasks and objectives. Each of theseshould also be seen as keeping within the spirit and scope of thepresent invention.

Further modification and variation can be made to the disclosedembodiments without departing from the subject and spirit of theinvention as defined in the following claims. Such modifications andvariations, as included within the scope of these claims, are meant tobe considered part of the invention as described. TABLE 1 LOGIC:Timestamp If position (SPC <> SPL) and elapsed time ((TSC − TSL) <> 0)then send pole reverse request (SPCmx) Timestamp Return activate SPCmxR1(modulation) SPC = shaft position current SPL = shaft position last TSC= timestamp shaft current position TSL = timestamp shaft last positionSPCmx = identified specific magnet SPCmxR1 = Reverse polarityinstruction No real time clock (time = time from start) Memory tables:position map, magnet map, rotor map, last position, current position,last polarity instruction, last modulation

TABLE 2 Variables stored in ROM (read only memory) device configurationspecific: Electromagnet location on rail circumference 0-360 degreesFlux maps of permanent rotor magnets (configuration specific) Distancebetween each rail electromagnet (configuration specific) Distancebetween each rotor permanent magnet (configuration specific) Rated maxrotor RPM (configuration specific) Rated max internal temperature(configuration specific) Motion sensor position maps (configurationspecific) Motion sensor latency (build/decay time) (other constants asneeded for ecosystem controls)

TABLE 3 Variables stored in RAM (random access memory) for read/update:Current timestamp Past timestamp Elapsed time (current timestamp − pasttimestamp) Past rotor position (if zero then current position = pastrotor position) Current rotor position (active motion sensor number)Last electromagnet Current electromagnet Next electromagnet Rotordirection (clockwise/counter-clockwise) Last polarity Current polarityNext polarity Last electromagnet power Current electromagnet power Nextelectromagnet power Last motion sensor Current motion sensor Next motionsensor Rotor rotation direction Stop

TABLE 4 Primary Algorithm: Do begin until stop = true Read stop Callclock, write current timestamp; Read past timestamp Calculate elapsedtime Read last rotor position Read last motion sensor Calculate rotorposition Write current rotor position Move current rotor to past rotorposition Calculate rotor direction Write rotor direction Calculate rotorspeed Write rotor speed Calculate next approaching electromagnetCalculate next electromagnet polarity Calculate next electromagnetstrength Calculate next electromagnet duration Turn on nextelectromagnet using polarity/strength/duration Move next electromagnetto current electromagnet Turn off current electromagnet Move currentelectromagnet to past electromagnet Reverse past electromagnet polarityTurn on past electromagnet using polarity/strength/duration Write pasttimestamp Write last sensor Write last rotor position RepeatAlgorithm governs flow, strength, selection, and polarity ofelectromagnets located in the outer rail in which the rotor permanentmagnets interact. As each rotation is completed, computer code willcheck environmental variables# to gain permission for another cycle. Depending on output and/orthrottle controls/limitations, cycle can be accelerated or slowed bychanging speed, electromagnet strength, and duration variables with aninterface that overwrites selected RAM values.

TABLE 5 Current loop cycle: Battery −> transformer −> switch −>capacitor −> electromagnet −> permanent magnet −> commutation −> brushes−> transformer −> switch −> capacitor −> transformer −> battery =electric output/motive horsepower Useful energy (25% to 80% speed): 10kW-hr Max speed: 100,000 RPM Peak Power: 150 KW Open circuit voltage:114 Vrms single phase max rotation Rail circumference 30 inches Rotorcircumference: 28 inches 20½ inches ceramic electromagnets 20⅜ inchesalnico permanent magnets Windings each electromagnet: 2 Wiring: goldstrapping, solid state Inductance: 4-12 microhenries per permanentmagnet Resistance: estimated 6-10 milliohms per rail electromagnet

1. Apparatus for generating rotational energy by means of manipulationof magnetic fields, the apparatus comprising: a rotational energygenerator in which a central shaft is integrally joined with one or morerotors, each said rotor having, at or near its most distant radialpoints, a permanent magnet array, said permanent magnet array comprisingone or more mounted permanent magnets of sufficient quality to maintainand radiate a steady magnetic field following repeated exposure toalternating magnetic fields, said permanent magnet array further adaptedto travel radially within a circular track housed within a stator, saidrotational energy generator further being adapted with transmissionmeans for output rotational energy power to be delivered to a targetconsumptive facility; said circular track being adapted to providehousing and electrical communication for an electromagnet array, saidelectromagnet array comprising one or more electromagnets which may beregularly spaced so as to be proximate to the permanent magnets of saidpermanent magnet array as it rotates about said shaft and radially aboutsaid track; each said electromagnet being adapted with anelectromagnetic core, each said electromagnetic core being furtheradapted with material and dimensions so as to permit saidelectromagnetic core to rapidly develop, sustain and enhance a magneticflux created when an electric current is passed through an inductivecoil about said electromagnetic core, and then to rapidly lose saidmagnetic flux when said electric current is switched off from saidinductive coil, and to further be capable of rapidly reversing saidmagnetic flux orientation when said electric current is reversed throughsaid inductive coil or passed through an alternative reversing electriccoil; each said electromagnet being in electrical communication with apower supply, said power supply further comprising an electrical storagecomponent capable of storing and releasing small bursts of electricalcurrent as may be directed from one or more switches, said power supplybeing selected from any component known to have the capability ofreliably storing and releasing said electrical energy in small andprecise bursts, said power supply further being adapted to receiveelectrical energy in small amounts and to reliably and efficiently storesaid electrical energy for release, and said power supply furtheradapted to receive and transform said power from said power generatoroutput for any other desirable source into a proper form for powersupply storage; and controlling means for managing and controlling thestorage and release of electrical energy to achieve optimal timing andquantity of the delivery of electric current from said power supply toeach said circumferential electromagnet, said controlling means furthercomprising sensors detecting and communicating the rate of rotation ofsaid generator shaft, the position of each said permanent magnet, andany other data useful in determining the optimal times for release ofsaid bursts of electric current and the amount of current to be releasedin each said burst of electric current, receivers to receive inputsignals from said sensors, and relays and switches adapted to facilitatesaid current release.
 2. The rotational energy generating apparatusdescribed in claim 1 in which each said permanent magnet is made offerrite or ceramic or some ceramic and ferrous compound.
 3. Therotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 1 in whichsaid power supply further comprises one or more combination ofcapacitors adapted to receive and store small increments of electricityand release electrical energy in precise bursts of current as directedby a source of controlling logic.
 4. The rotational energy generatingapparatus described in claim 2 in which said power supply furthercomprises one or more combination of capacitors adapted to receive andstore small increments of electricity and release electrical energy inprecise bursts of current as directed by said control means.
 5. Therotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 1 in whichsaid controlling means further comprises a CPU, said CPU furthercomprising a computer ROM within which is stored permanent ornon-variable dimensional parameters of the rotor and the positions ofsaid permanent and electromagnetic arrays; said CPU further comprising acomputer RAM with input means by which the data retrieved from saidsensors may be received by said RAM, logic means by which said data maybe interpreted used to determine the rates at which said electromagnetsshould be energized and de-energized; and control means by which saidelectromagnets may be energized and de-energized as necessary for theeffective operation of the radial energy generating apparatus.
 6. Therotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 2 in whichsaid controlling means further comprises a CPU, said CPU furthercomprising a computer ROM within which is stored permanent ornon-variable dimensional parameters of the rotor and of said permanentand electromagnetic arrays; said CPU further comprising a computer RAMwith input means by which the data retrieved from said sensors may bereceived by said RAM, logic means by which said data may be interpretedused to determine the rates at which said electromagnets should beenergized and de-energized; and control means by which saidelectromagnets may be energized and de-energized as necessary for theeffective operation of the radial energy generating apparatus.
 7. Therotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 3 in whichsaid controlling means further comprises a CPU, said CPU furthercomprising a computer ROM within which is stored permanent ornon-variable dimensional parameters of the rotor and of said permanentand electromagnetic arrays; said CPU further comprising a computer RAMwith input means by which the data retrieved from said sensors may bereceived by said RAM, logic means by which said data may be interpretedused to determine the rates at which said electromagnets should beenergized and de-energized; and control means by which saidelectromagnets may be energized and de-energized as necessary for theeffective operation of the radial energy generating apparatus.
 8. Therotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 4 in whichsaid controlling means further comprises a CPU, said CPU furthercomprising a computer ROM within which is stored permanent ornon-variable dimensional parameters of the rotor and of said permanentand electromagnetic arrays; said CPU further comprising a computer RAMwith input means by which the data retrieved from said sensors may bereceived by said RAM, logic means by which said data may be interpretedused to determine the rates and levels at which said electromagnetsshould be energized and de-energized; and control means by which saidelectromagnets may be energized and de-energized as necessary for theeffective operation of the radial energy generating apparatus.
 9. Therotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 5 which isfurther adapted with sensors for measuring variable ecosystem factorsand in which said CPU RAM is adapted to receive and process saidecosystem factors in the process of determining the rates and levels atwhich said electromagnets should be energized and de-energized; andcontrol means by which said electromagnets may be energized andde-energized as necessary for the effective operation of the radialenergy generating apparatus.
 10. The rotational energy generatingapparatus described in claim 6 which is fiuther adapted with sensors formeasuring variable ecosystem factors and in which said CPU RAM isadapted to receive and process said ecosystem factors in the process ofdetermining the rates and levels at which said electromagnets should beenergized and de-energized; and control means by which saidelectromagnets may be energized and de-energized as necessary for theeffective operation of the radial energy generating apparatus.
 11. Therotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 7 which isfurther adapted with sensors for measuring variable ecosystem factorsand in which said CPU RAM is adapted to receive and process saidecosystem factors in the process of determining the rates and levels atwhich said electromagnets should be energized and de-energized; andcontrol means by which said electromagnets may be energized andde-energized as necessary for the effective operation of the radialenergy generating apparatus.
 12. The rotational energy generatingapparatus described in claim 8 which is further adapted with sensors formeasuring variable ecosystem factors and in which said CPU RAM isadapted to receive and process said ecosystem factors in the process ofdetermining the rates and levels at which said electromagnets should beenergized and de-energized; and control means by which saidelectromagnets may be energized and de-energized as necessary for theeffective operation of the radial energy generating apparatus.
 13. Therotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 1 in whichsaid rotor further comprises a disk which is mounted integrally uponsaid shaft with said shaft at the rotational center of said disk rotorand in which said permanent magnets are positioned upon said disk rotorwith radial regularity about the disk rotor at its most distal points.14. The rotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 2 inwhich said rotor further comprises a disk which is mounted integrallyupon said shaft with said shaft at the rotational center of said diskrotor and in which said permanent magnets are positioned upon said diskrotor with radial regularity about the disk rotor at its most distalpoints.
 15. The rotational energy generating apparatus described inclaim 3 in which said rotor further comprises a disk which is mountedintegrally upon said shaft with said shaft at the rotational center ofsaid disk rotor and in which said permanent magnets are positioned uponsaid disk rotor with radial regularity about the disk rotor at its mostdistal points.
 16. The rotational energy generating apparatus describedin claim 4 in which said rotor further comprises a disk which is mountedintegrally upon said shaft with said shaft at the rotational center ofsaid disk rotor and in which said permanent magnets are positioned uponsaid disk rotor with radial regularity about the disk rotor at its mostdistal points.
 17. Apparatus for generating rotational energy by meansof manipulation of magnetic fields, the apparatus comprising: arotational energy generator in which a central shaft is integrallyjoined with one or more rotors, each said rotor having, at or near itsmost distant radial points, an electromagnetic array, saidelectromagnetic array comprising one or more mounted electromagnets,said electromagnetic array further adapted to travel radially within acircular track housed within a stator, said rotational energy generatorfurther being adapted with transmission means for output rotationalenergy power to be delivered to a target consumptive facility; saidcircular track being adapted to provide housing and electricalcommunication for an permanent magnet array, said permanent magnet arraycomprising one or more permanent magnets of sufficient quality toestablish, maintain and radiate a steady magnetic field followingrepeated exposure to alternating magnetic fields which may be regularlyspaced so as to be proximate to the electromagnets of saidelectromagnetic array as it rotates about said shaft and radially aboutsaid track; each said electromagnet being adapted with anelectromagnetic core, each said electromagnetic core being furtheradapted with material and dimensions so as to permit saidelectromagnetic core to rapidly develop, sustain and enhance a magneticflux created when an electric current is passed through an inductivecoil about said electromagnetic core, and then to rapidly lose saidmagnetic flux when said electric current is switched off from saidinductive coil, and to further be capable of rapidly reversing saidmagnetic flux orientation when said electric current is reversed throughsaid inductive coil or passed through an alternative reversing electriccoil; each said electromagnet being in electrical communication with apower supply, said power supply further comprising an electrical storagecomponent capable of storing and releasing small bursts of electricalcurrent as may be directed from one or more switches, said power supplybeing selected from any component known to have the capability ofreliably storing and releasing said electrical energy in small andprecise bursts, said power supply further being adapted to receiveelectrical energy in small amounts and to reliably and efficiently storesaid electrical energy for release, and said power supply furtheradapted to receive and transform said power from said power generatoroutput for any other desirable source into a proper form for powersupply storage; and controlling means for managing and controlling thestorage and release of electrical energy to achieve optimal timing andquantity of the delivery of electric current from said power supply toeach said circumferential electromagnet, said controlling means furthercomprising sensors detecting and communicating the rate of rotation ofsaid generator shaft, the position of each said permanent magnet, andany other data useful in determining the optimal times for release ofsaid bursts of electric current and the amount of current to be releasedin each said burst of electric current, receivers to receive inputsignals from said sensors, and relays and switches adapted to facilitatesaid current release.
 18. The rotational energy generating apparatusdescribed in claim 17 in which each said permanent magnet is made offerrite or ceramic or some ceramic and ferrous compound.
 19. Therotational energy generating apparatus described in claim 1 in whichsaid rotor further comprises a one or more balanced radial arms whichare mounted integrally upon said shaft with said shaft at the rotationalcenter of said rotor and in which said permanent magnets are positionedupon each said disk rotor arm with radial regularity about the diskrotor at its most distal points.
 20. The rotational energy generatingapparatus described in claim 17 in which said rotor further comprises aone or more balanced radial arms which are mounted integrally upon saidshaft with said shaft at the rotational center of said rotor and inwhich said permanent magnets are positioned upon each said disk rotorarm with radial regularity about the disk rotor at its most distalpoints.